Lonar Sarovar

               Lonar Lake, also known as the Lonar bowl. This Lonar Lake is located in Buldhana District, Maharashtra, India. Lonar Lake has a mean diameter of 1.2 kilometers and is about 137 meters below the crater rim. The meteor crater rim is about 1.8 kilometers in diameter. The water in the lake is both alkaline and saline. Tourist comes to see this natural crater and the nearby peoples are visits with every special occasion. There are so many temples near this lake like -

Lonar Lake

• Kamalja Devi Temple is located beside the lake. Although the water level rises during the rainy season and falls in summer, the temple is located above the water level.  At the time of Navratri, there is a huge crowd of people with their devotedness. 
• Gomukh Temple is located along the edge of the crater. The continuing stream of water, visitors taking a bath in this undying stream.
• Shankar Ganesh temple.
• Ram Gaya temple.
• Motha Maruti temple is near the Ambar crater lake.

Kamalja Devi Temple

         

              Hazards to Lonar Lake 

 Lonar Lake faces environmental problems like :

Gomukh Temple

1. During local festivals such as the Navratri, large numbers of visitors, enter the hollow. Small shops and food-stalls are often established near the hollow or along with its border.
2. Profitable activities, including unauthorized construction, within the local area of the lake, has damaged the lake's natural area.
3. Continuing streams are one of the water sources for the lake. Those streams are used for bathing, washing clothes and cattle, and other domestic purposes by the local people, visitors, and tourists.
4. Fertilizers, pesticides, and toxic materials are used in the agriculture field around the lake results in the pollution of lake water.
5. The government is unable to raise funds needed for preserving this hollow and often tourist activities continue to cause environmental damage to nearby land.  

       
      The area of the lake was declared as Lonar Wildlife Sanctuary by the Government on 20 November 2015. The Lake is a haven for a wide range of plant and animal life. Native and Migrant birds like robins, hoopoes, brahmin duck, etc are found on the lake. At the time of evaporation, the water level is reduced then the large quantity of soda was collected. There are two small streams namely Penganga and Purna sewer into the lake.
       Lonar Lake is helpful for those students who studied Ph.D. in Microbiology subjects. There are different types of microorganisms are available on the border of the lake such as :
 Methylotrophic microorganisms
 Endolithic microorganisms
 Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms
Lonar Lake appears green for most of the year due to the presence of heavy blooms of cyanobacteria.

       Visit the Lonar Lake once in life and see the nature which is around it.
   

Software Testing

                                           Software Testing

      

           Traditionally, Testing is defined as been narrowly confined to testing the program code. There are many reasons which clearly show us why Software Testing is important. Almost everything, we use today has an element of software in it. Today in a typical workplace and at home, just about everyone uses a Computer and Software. Everyone is an organization and at home uses E-mails and the Internet for communication, education, entertainment, interaction and for getting any information they want. Also, the technical people use programming languages, modeling tools, and database management systems for the task that they were mostly executing manually a few years earlier.

           The above examples are just for some instances where the use of the software is obvious to the users. First, an organization that develops any form of S/W product or service must put in every effort to highly reduce and eliminate any defects in each delivered product and services. Second, defects are unlikely to remain hidden for long. When the no of users was limited and the way they use the product was also predictable, it was quite possible that there could be defects in S/W product they would never get defected or uncovered for a very long time. Third, the nature of the usage of the product or service is becoming increasingly unpredictable.

Software Testing

        

 Fundamental principles of Testing:-

1. The goal of testing is to find defects before customers find them out.
2. Exhaustive testing is not possible, program testing can only show the presence of defects, never their absence.
3. Test the test first.
4. Understand the reason behind the test.
5. The test developed immunity and have to be revised constantly.
6. Defects occur in clusters(memory chunk), and testing should focus on these clusters.
7. Testing encompasses defect prevention.
8. Intelligent and well-planed automation is key to realizing the benefits of testing.

       Testing isn't meet to replace other ways of ensuring quality. It is one of the methods to detect the defect in an S/W. The idea of the catching defect within each phase, without letting them reach the testing phases, lead us to define two more terms i.e. Verification and Validation. Verification is the process of evaluating a system or component to determine whether the product of a given phase satisfy the conditions imposed at the start of that phase. Verification takes care of  the activities to focus on the question"Are we building the product right?"  

       Validation is the process of evaluating a system or component during or at the end of the development process to determine it satisfies specific requirements. Validation takes care of a set of activities to address the question "Are we building the right product?".

     

There are so many testing, the names are given bellow-

• WhiteBox Testing
• BlackBox Testing
• Positive and Negative Testing
• Integration Testing
• Functional and Non-Functional Testing
• Beta Testing
• Stress Testing
• Interoperability Testing
• Acceptance Testing
• Performance Testing
• Regression Testing

         

SEO

What Is SEO?

          SEO is “the process of affecting the visibility of a website or a web page in a search engine’s organic results.”Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of optimizing your online content so that a search engine likes to show it as a top result for searches of a certain keyword.

Search Engine Optimization

Two Techniques of SEO:

I.  On-page SEO :-
   
II. Off-page SEO :-

   There are three Methods of SEO as shown in bellow-

•  White Hat
• Gray Hat
• Black Hat